Seurat, Cezanne, Gauguin and Van Gogh Essay Example

Seurat, Cezanne, Gauguin and Van Gogh Essay Jan Van Gogh, Paul Cezanne, Paul Gauguin and Georges Suerat are considered as the masters of the arts who have significantly influenced the growth of Impressionism and Expressionism. These four artists have successfully reinvented themselves by incorporating their own styles in a specific art genre. The most common element that binds these painters is their use of landscape as their main theme for their artworks. However, there are also many characteristics in their paintings that set them different from each other. For Van Gogh, he utilized pointillism and experimented with bright somber colors such as red, orange and yellow to highlight his â€Å"dramatic illustration of his personal and artistic identity† (Van Gogh Museum). Meanwhile, Cezanne developed a more bold and rigorous and structured design in his canvass with a â€Å"more intense saturated color.† His â€Å"structured application of paint in the form of dense parallel brushstrokes† separated him from other Impressionist painters and this also created a tapestry-like effect on his masterpieces (National Gallery of Art). On the other hand, Seurat also used pointillism to add glitter or sparkle to his exquisite artworks. Furthermore, he used this technique to generate detailed modifications in form (WebMuseum). Last but not the least is Gauguin. He switched from imitative art to the use of color to convey emotion s or expressions (WebMuseum). Among the four painters, Gauguin made use of colors that â€Å"communicate intangibles through its inherent emotive qualities.† Gauguin painted dark colors in expansive flat sections to eliminate height and to abstract form (National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC). We will write a custom essay sample on Seurat, Cezanne, Gauguin and Van Gogh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Seurat, Cezanne, Gauguin and Van Gogh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Seurat, Cezanne, Gauguin and Van Gogh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Based on the various techniques employed by Van Gogh, Cezanne, Gauguin and Seurat, most of their artworks have become standards for beauty and artistry. Even though these artists have similar art styles, they still managed to set themselves apart by incorporating their individuality and aesthetics in their outputs. Overall, their artworks will forever be remembered and revered as masterpieces of the 20th century. Works Cited â€Å"Cezanne in Provence.† 2006. National Gallery of Art. 16 February 2009 http://www.nga.gov/pdf/cezanne_brochure.pdf â€Å"His Life.† 2009. Van Gogh Museum. 16 February 2009 http://www3.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?page=12263lang=en â€Å"Paul Gauguin.† 2009. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. 16 February 2009 http://www.nga.gov/collection/gallery/gg82/gg82-over1.html#jump Pioch, Nicholas. â€Å"Gauguin, Paul.† WebMuseum. 16 February 2009 http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/gauguin/ Pioch, Nicholas. â€Å"Seurat, Georges.† WebMuseum. 16 February 2009 http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/seurat/

swed Essays

swed Essays swed Essay swed Essay Student Written Evaluation Document The stimuli for my devised piece is Machinal written by American playwright and journalist Sophie Treadwell and premiered on Broadway in 1928. Treadwell wrote the play based on the true events that unravelled around New Yorker Ruth Snyder who killed her husband in her unhappy marriage and was executed by electric chair; Ruth was the first woman to be executed by electric chair since 1899 which provoked the significance of her story. Treadwell explores the themes of isolation, oppression and female objectification all of which I took on board and intend to include in my devised iece. Sophie Treadwell explores the pain of women in an unhappy marriage and how they coped with their emotions in a male dominated society and in-particular Ruth Snyders story under the strict control of her husband, in the play portrayed as machine like hence the name Machinal meaning machine. The metaphor title as machine reflects the womens role in society at the time to be a machine, to procreate and be housewives throughout their lives whilst men work. Machinal explores how women were sexually objectified and women had to deal with the patriarchal society and position in a marriage. One key area she explores is how Mrs Jones is a victim of marital rape which was legal at the time it was written but more importantly only became illegal in America in 1993, a fact I personally found shocking which evoked me to base my expressionistic devised piece on martial rape to highlight what happens behind closed doors in society and make my audience aware of an issue that still persists today. Treadwell was the first expressionist writer to look at a story of this magnitude from a females perspective and empathises with her rather than immediately persecuting her. Cary M. Mazer said in her article Why is everyone uddenly doing an obscure 1928 play? that only Treadwell and Susan Glaspell depict womens issues from a womens perspective, which confirms Treadwells feminist approach to this play and the political thrust the plot portrays. Firstly I did some additional research into the key elements of expressionism, originally a German theatre phenomenon, to evaluate further Treadwells theatre techniques and directorial decisions. The main characteristics utilised are dream imagery, choral speaking, declamatory dialogue, simplification of characters, physical theatre and heightened intensity. Choral speaking is my favourite expressionistic devise to create a non-naturalistic atmosphere as the layering of the voices creates a lost story theme and a lack of voice from the victims and the dominance of others in their story especially the attacker. I have used all of these drama mediums in past productions and exercises and want to use these in our devised piece to create a coup de theatre for my audience to further emphasise the theme of rape. Treadwell uses expressionism devises to emphasise a females routine lifestyle in a non-naturalistic way an idea I want to use in our piece to portray in a more outrageous way the bjectification of women and their lack of power within a marriage. I also did some further research into rape in society and rape from a male perspective and a female perspective to understand further Sophie Treadwells approach to the stimuli and gain an insight on the psychology behind rape and why the attackers commit the final piece outcome as the monologue material statements from rapists are crude and shocking and will create the effect of realisation for my audience. Beginning our piece with the court scene we have used the technique of multi-role playing that we sed frequently in AS to promote the devises of non-naturalistic theatre. All of us playing multiple roles throughout the piece stops the audience relating to the characters and also reflects rape as something that can happen to anyone rather than a single individual. Also we used Brechtian devises to portray our characters to use our piece to create reaction from our audience rather than Just to entertain our audience on visual level, to introduce a political perspective and an issue of society. Our desired performance outcomes are to shock our audience about the behind the cenes of marriages in the 1920s but also to highlight that the issues displayed in our piece continue today, women are objectified in the same way but do not speak out about it and if they do the aggression become worse. We are including one scene which involves a bar where two husbands are announcing to the crowd that wives are for sexual pleasure and the objectification of women is not something that should be stopped, the wives speak up and take the punishment for it, we use the devise of role reversal in this scene between the two women to display how it is a problem for ll women not Just one individual. Furthermore I think this scene will create an alarming reaction from our audience as the end of the scene we use symmetry between the two couples to show the violence within the marriage and the lack of escape as the stage plunges into darkness. We have emphasised out piece more on rape and tried to display female objectification so as to Justify more promptly Ruth Snyders actions against her husband and support Treadwells view on martial rape as Cary M. Mazer states the Justification of her actions she goes to the electric chair efeated, humiliated, stripped of her power and shorn of her hair nonetheless triumphantly unrepentant. When reviewing the stimuli I decided to pick out the scenes which underlined the themes I wanted to depict the most, I started the performance with the end court scene to emphasise more the persecution women went through in their attempt to bring to a halt the objectification they were experiencing. I placed the woman above the prosecutors as she seems to be in a dreamlike state and it highlights her vulnerability and also shows her strength and self-justification of her actions. As the scene continues there is a dream imagery sequence that I put together to highlight her loneliness, also when she reaches out for her from another female she is aggressively rejected stressing her lack of support from other females and to show irony of how she has made a stand for women and her prosecutor is female. Another scene I picked out from Machinal directly was the labour scene which I found distressing and would be perfect to show the audience the internal thoughts of these women who are objectified as part of married life; I focussed on the monologue and adapted it to be spoken by two females to put mphasis on the element that any woman can experience this abuse. I choreographed the males into this duologue to emphasise not only the internal pain of being raped within a marriage but to also shock the audience by displaying the physical aspect of this too. My second scene features the essential non-naturalistic devise of magic realism and stereotypical two dimensional characterisation of a lifestyle where the male and females are dancing and enjoying themselves. However previously before the dancing begins I added a sense of foreshadowing by having all of my husband and wife characters doing everyday things in a peculiar manner; one an is reading a newspaper upside down and another smoking the wrong end of a cigar, one female ironing her own body and one pouring tea and missing the cup, these aspects of magic realism create foreboding and I enjoyed using this strong expressionistic devise. Eventually as the dancing progresses the music becomes distorted and the dancing becomes more aggressive and abusive until the point where the music ends and the female partners are thrown to the floor. I also decided to feature a proposal scene within the devised piece to show the male and females priorities in relation to marriage in that time and also their internal motions about the arrangement. I used choral speaking and layering to overall portray a tense atmosphere and different perspectives, Firstly the females, she is stood at the front speaking how she should about the marriage arrangements but behind her is an physicalisation of her internal emotions as another girl lays on the floor bleeding and repeating the word cunt getting louder and more distressed as the male approaches. This use of voice is a common theme in Machinal and I wanted to use it in my piece to create gradual climax in a sense and also portray to an udience the confusing nature of a 1920s proposal. Also the blood from the females genitals further emphasises the females vulnerability and exploitation as it has connotations of menstruation and child birth, a pain every female goes through. The scene ends as the male embraces the woman forcefully, kisses her and takes her away as the internal version of herself tries her hardest to stop them she is not visible to them and is hopeless in stopping the marriage between them, this also more broadly highlights how a females feeling and opinions are hidden and not acknowledged in society.

A Common Intention Trust in the Case Oxley vs Hiscock Study

A Common Intention Trust in the Oxley vs Hiscock - Case Study Example A common intention trust has been helpful in establishing the need for fairer distributions of assets of trusts which must take into account the changing social equations of the day, where the traditional institution of marriage has begun to shed its conventional form and cohabitation has become more common. In the case of disputes over shared property, the case of Oxley v Hiscock has served to consolidate the principles of the common intention trust and the extent of proprietary estoppel that may be exercised by the contending parties.The case concerned a couple Ms Oxley and Mr. Hiscock, in reference to a property that was purchased by them, to which Ms Oxley had contributed about a 35% share while the major burden of the investment was borne by Mr. Hiscock out of his own savings and the proceeds of another home they had owned together. Ms. Oxley and her children lived in the new home with Mr. Hiscock and the couple had cohabited together for many years, although the sole title owne r was Mr. Hiscock. This was a case in which no trust declarations had been made, however there was evidence available to lead to an inference of common intention for both parties to enjoy beneficial shares in the property, although the extent of these beneficial shares were not specified. At the lower Court, the Judge found evidence to indicate the existence of a common intention trust and inferred an equal beneficial share in the property. However, this was appealed by Mr. Hiscock on the grounds that he had made a larger contribution to the property in question and allocating the beneficial interests on an equal 50:50 basis was unfair to his interests. At the Court of Appeal, the Court examined the issues and framed two salient issues to be examined where there is no express declaration of trust:- the existence of a common intention trust based upon the expressed intent of the parties to share beneficial interests and- the extent of the beneficial interests that could be attributed to each party.

Planning Your Visit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Planning Your Visit - Research Paper Example In the following parts of this paper, serious health ramifications have been described and highlighted as well. It is followed by personal experience part where the personal observation has been provided. Before the conclusion part, legislative authority and meeting with the legislative authority has been included. All types of cancer can be caused by smoking. In the United States, 9 out of 10 smokers first tried cigarettes by the age of 18 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1994; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012; Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, 2009); and around 3,200 individuals below the age of 18 smoke first cigarette (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014); more seriously smokeless cigarette and hookah are becoming popular in middle and high school students (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Smoking in the earlier stage of life may not highlight severe effects at the initial stage of smoking especially for the youth. However, with the passage of time, smoking starts to show its effect on internal body functions and body activities. At the same time, the chances of asthma and other breathing problems cannot be also ruled out as it is difficult to ascertain and predict the likely potential hazardous effects of smoking on human body. Subsequently, in the long run, chances of other physical, psychological complications cannot be avoided. With my personal experience, I can surely say that smoking puts devastating effects on the entire family fabric in which every family member is affected. In my neighborhood, one family’s teenager used to smoke cigarettes. And his parents always remained worried about him. More often, I used to hear family problems and other issues. In other words, this unfriendly relation was mainly caused by the smoking habit of the teenager. More

Cyber Strategies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cyber Strategies - Assignment Example Both strategies are formed/ adopted with the aim of maximizing opportunities with respect to limited resources; with an increase in state-sponsored and independent cyber threats, both governments and respective departments have seen the need to lead strong and secure presence in the cyberspace but constrained by the constraints of budget allocation and stricter financial oversights forcing them to acquire transformative ways to acquire, maintain and operate the information technology so as to achieve efficiency, effectiveness and security. Both Strategies are information and technology designed with which detection, alerts and response are convenient to the user. This rules out the duplicative, cumbersome and costly application silos to an end state/ organization; which is cost-effective, agile and convenient as the environment of exchange is rapid and accommodative to changing missions or strategy at an organization level. The strategies perpetuate scientific, technical, industrial and human capabilities in that in order to bar unintended intrusions and ensure security and operations advancement features, they are based on the mastery technology and know-how in areas of cryptology and formal methods, and extensive research and development to catch up with technologically advanced nations/organizations (Jacobs, 2010). They are designed to protect/ secure the information and data of states/organizations and operators of critical infrastructure through robust authentication systems base.

Plaths Suicide: Considering Lazarus

Plaths Suicide: Considering Lazarus Born on October 27, 1932, in Boston, Sylvia Plath mainly wrote confessional poetry. Plaths life was marked by periods of severe depression and multiple suicide attempts. The death of her father and betrayal of her husband forced her into a state of paranoia and motivated her to write poems about her sufferings. In the poem, Lady Lazarus, Plath employs the character of Lady Lazarus to echo the poets self as a way of expressing her mania towards death and suicide. The character of Lady Lazarus attempts to commit suicide every decade. However, each time Herr Doctor revives her and portrays her like the biblical Lazarus and a walking miracle. Through out the poem Lady Lazarus struggles to regain control over her proclaimed art of dying and becomes stronger as the poem progresses. Plath uses figurative language, most specifically allusions to both the bible and to the holocaust, as well as metaphors of her mental illness and instability to illustrate her growing obsession with death and f oreshadow her third attempt at suicide. Ever since her first attempt at suicide in 1953, Plath has displayed a â€Å"long standing† interest in the biblical story of Lazarus. In this poem, Plath uses allusion to the biblical story of Johns Lazarus of Bethany to juxtapose the character of Lady Lazarus with the biblical Lazarus and character of Herr Doktor with Jesus. In the story of Lazarus of Bethany, Jesus astonishingly raises Lazarus from the dead. Similarly, Lady Lazarus is revived by Herr Doktor from each subsequent suicide attempt. However, when Jesus raised Lazarus from dead, not only was it to advertise Gods power but it was also beneficial to both Lazarus and the spectators who were given hope of immortal life. In contrast, when Herr Doktor revives Lady Lazarus he is interfering with Lady Lazaruss proclaimed art of dying. Herr Doktor is actually establishing dominance over her which she must fight to regain control over her life. He is creating power struggle between them which leads to Lady Lazaruss obsessi on with death and suicide. As Theresa Collins points out, Lady Lazarus can be interpreted as a struggle for control [. . .] a dominion prevented by her torturer, Herr Doktor. In addition, Herr Doktor revives Lady Lazarus in front of a crowd and portrays her as â€Å"A sort of walking miracle†¦Ã¢â‚¬  because similar to Jesus he is longing for admiration and acknowledgement from the people whom Plath refers to as â€Å"The peanut-crunching crowd.† Plath uses irony throughout the poem but her most obvious irony is in her proclaimed art of dying. Plath mentions, â€Å"Dying Is an art, like everything else, I do it exceptionally well.† This quote is ironic because even though Plath brags about being talented at committing suicide she always survives. Every ten years she attempts to commit suicide but each time she is revived by the doctors. Plath is thwarted on each attempt by her torturer, Herr Doktor. It is ironic to see that Plath actually does not want to die on her first time because she states that â€Å"I am only thirty. And like the cat I have nine times to die†. On one hand Plath is struggling to regain control over her art and on the other hand she accepts the fact that she will not be able to regain control until her ninth suicide attempt and has actually stopped trying. Plath feels that she is only living to entertain the crowd by miraculously surviving each time. 1 para about the tone of the poem. 3 paras about holocaust 3 paras about life mental disorder and reference Geopolitics of Food | Article Analysis Geopolitics of Food | Article Analysis Hans Goder In a world, which constantly needs more and more food and facing also some ecologic issues, a change in our way of producing and managing the outputs is needed to face the future challenges (population of 2050). As it is a global challenge, it is the role of the international bodies such as the WTO or the FAO to find and implement those changes. But the question is, are those bodies still have the means to response to this challenge. 2. Primary Sources This academic article written by Bezuneh, Mesfin, Yiheyis and Zelealem for the University of Atlanta, published in the Journal of Economic Development in 2014and supported by many other studies related to the same subject, try to see if trades liberalization has a positive effect on the food security in developing country. As 98% of the undernourished persons of the world are in the developing countries where the average of undernourished is around 15% (FAO, 2014), the present article wants to understand the possible correlation (which can be either positive or negative) between food security in countries which are opening their trades (through regulations and agreements) and introducing themselves in the global market. According to this article, food security is not just the amount of food present in the country. It is reach when the population at all-time have the physical, economic and social access to sufficient, nontoxic and nutritious nutriment which encounters their dietary needs for a healthy and proper life (Bezuneh, Mesfin, Yiheyis and Zelealem, 2014) Methodology used: The methodology used in this article is clear and can be compared to the scientific way of studying a subject. The authors chose 37 different developing countries in different regions of the world. Those countries at the time were encountering the opening of their trades to the world. Then, they compared the figures of the food security (based on the per capita daily energy supply (DES)) before and after the trades opening hoping that a clear pattern and correlation would be seen amongst the results. Also, the authors used some other characteristics to see and understand which of the different factors have the most important effect on food security. Those characteristic were for instance, the political stability of the country and time’s evolution. Then they put those characteristics into figures and ratios, in a mathematical and statistical function to compare each characteristics and its effect on the food safety compared to the trades liberalization factor. Then the result and the patterns were represented into chart and table to improve the understanding of the results. As stated, the overall methodology used in this article was the scientific one following the hypothesis, research, study and finally result pattern. Results: The effects of the opening of the market were not as strong as expected. In fact, those effects were slightly positive but not as relevant as we thought. According to the authors, those positive outcomes could have been done by other thing than the trading policies which were not in the study, once those factors were controlled, the outcome came to be, in some cases, even negatives. Again, according to the authors, this result is to be considerate with caution as the factors and so on are difficult to put into figures at this wide range. But at the end of the day, this study sort out that the relationship between food safety and trades liberalization (which is the main objectives of organization such as the world trade organization) could be considerate as weak, which follows the results of previous studies (Stiglitz and Charlton, 2005). Moreover, still according to the study the relationship between the political stability and food security is even stronger. To conclude thi s study shows that the trades’ liberalization is an important factor to help those countries (through economic growth) but it is not to be used on its own. It needs to be completed by other actions and strategies in order to see a real positive outcome at the end. According to another study led by Stiglitz and Charlton in 2005 – 2006 entitle Aid for Trade, the authors, through a structured analysis admit that developed countries, when on the global market war field, benefit from advantages against the developing country. For them, in order for poor county to benefit from the opening of their market they have to benefit from advantages or ‘’aid’’ to counterbalance the equilibrium of positive outcomes for both sides. For the authors, increasing aid is vital for the poor countries if they are to grasp the opportunities provided through trade and meet transition cost (Stiglitz and Charlton, 2006). Moreover, the authors sort out that the adjustment effort in summit such as the Doha round would be too costly for the poor country due to the loss of the preferences that they are benefiting from. Again, as a conclusion, this article state that trade and aid won’t be the great solution for food and development security. It is just one of the multiple factor that can enhance the development of those countries. Both of the articles tend to state that liberalization of trades, which is encouraged by non-governmental bodies to reduce hunger in the world, might not be the solution. Counting just on this factors could arm those economies on a long run basis and worsen the issues. 2. Secondary Sources The article entitled ‘’Trade and Transnational Corporations: the Solution to World Hunger or a Major Part of the Problem?’’ , written by Peter O’Driscoll, expert in the field of developing markets, speaks about the effect of NGO’s such as the World Trade organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations on food insecurity in developing countries. The organizations have as main weapon against this plague of food insecurity the liberalization of trades through opening regulations and the insertion of those countries in the global market. According to this article, effectively, during the liberalization era, the amount of international agricultural trade has increased by 800 million tons per year. Through the article, the authors state that this increase has benefited mostly to the developed country and, in the contrary, destroyed and dislocated developing countries’ agricultural industries. Moreover, the article sort out another critical point, the number of hungry persons in the world between 90 ( pre-liberalized era) and 2002 (post liberalization) has increase by a huge amount around 18 million people. In addition, subsidiaries and economic dependence have worsened the situation. While country such as India use those subsidiaries to feed its population by decreasing prices, it affect the world worldwide as other farmers around the world need to decrease their price in order to be competitive. This reduces their turnover, which can at term led to a huge crisis. De Schutter,O in his study ‘Droit à   l’alimentation : une question de qualità ©, non de quantità ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ speaks about the food fundamental right and state that the base of the problem could come from an inequality in the food distribution between the developed countries and the developing countries. To improve this situation, the author doesn’t put the liberalization of trades as the solution. In the contrary De Schutter state that the solution would be to change between a quantitative focused industries to a qualitative based one where the food question will be put as first priority and the economic aspect as the second. For him, doing that won’t reduce the turnover of organization; contrarily it will open new market and provide new opportunities for agriculture based organizations. Moreover, the writer also states that it would be more effective to concentrate resources into improving their own agriculture sector instead of increasing their dependence to the global market. According to Chris Arsenault in his article ‘’Global dependency on food imports makes countries vulnerable’’, the global prices are at their lowest level in five years. But still according to the author, due to population increment and also standards of living improvements, those low prices won’t last long. When those prices will start to go up, the developing countries which are vulnerable and dependent to the global economy will have to face a disastrous crisis. To prevent this, the authors state that government in those countries should be smart and protect their arable earth and try to reduce their dependence on food import. Finally, according to this article, the market has an important role to play but it shouldnt be the final arbiter of who gets food and where it comes from (Arsenault, 2015). The report entitled The State of Food Insecurity in the World of the FAO in 2010 shows us that some part of the non-governmental organization has already understood the importance of the qualitative point of view. In fact, the improvement of the support to livelihoods within the country could be a better solution than trades itself but an re-architecture should be apply for it to be more effective and obtain some long term benefits. This would increase the strength of the country, it development, it stability and so one but a better understanding is required. Moreover, this article do state that doing that would be benefic for the developed country, as those stable country would become interesting markets full of opportunities on the long run. 3. Etat de l’art Those works and articles present in the previous parts of this state of the art represent a brief surrounding of all the ideas and studies present nowadays in this field of study. To sum up, they all tend to say and prove in different way and through different methodology and approach, which can be scientific or not, that trades liberalization and by extension globalization couldn’t and can’t be a good response to food insecurity in poor and developing countries around the world on its own. According to some of those articles, in some cases this facilitation and liberalization could be armful for those weak and dependent economies. As we already know, the fight against food insecurity is led by some non-governmental organization such as the World Trade Organization, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation or the World Bank. Those organization, first have their headquarters in developed country such as the United States, where trades, profits and wealth are the priorities. Secondly, they might have a wrong strategy to win this plague. Indeed, those NGOs, since the beginning of this combat, want to answer it through an economic and trade based point of view, which, for De Schutter could be qualified as the quantitatives optics (De Schutter O. 2013) through summit such as the Doha cycle and the Bali one. Concretely, they try in most of the cases to make the developing countries open its barriers and incorporate the global market. In addition, they help those countries to develop their own organization in order, at the end, to make them trade on this global market. But the problem is that, according to many studies, this strategy tends to be more profitable for the developed country (O’Driscoll P, 2014) as they are provide with new markets where competition is easy to handle. For the developing countries, the findings are more mitigated. When they try to enter this huge market, where competition is much bigger and hard, they are obliged to compete by reducing the prices and by doing that they can’t really develop themselves. Moreover, after this opening, those weak countries become highly dependent and vulnerable to the international market. Through that, when some distortions happened within the global economy through the market rules, it strikes even more those countries as their populations are more sensible to price fluctuation and also as their economy is weaker than the developed ones. For example, between 2006 and 2009 the number of undernourished people has increase due to price fluctuations (FAO, 2010) These statements should be taken with precautions. In fact, according to some other articles, the correlation between food insecurity and trades opening is not really clear and strong but this factor stays a key factor for life quality and improvement through economic growth (Stiglitz and Charlton, 2005). Moreover, trades facilitation might be a short-run solution but not a long-run one. What we have to understand is that we can’t just rely of this only factor to be able to reach the objective of 2050 which is to feed 9 billion people. Taking and understanding all those ideas we will use and go further in those study by using and applying them to the core NGOs, and see through a quantitative and qualitative research method if whether or not the existing non-governmental organization are still able to provide effective strategies and solutions to the upcoming challenges through their present point of view or if a rethinking of their entire goals and approaches is needed to provide long terms solutions. To do so, we will structure our thoughts in a specific way. Initially, we will have a deeper look at diverse other information related to the same field and problematic stated earlier to gatherer some crucial inputs. Then, we are going to have a close look to the different bodies present in the world according to the angle chosen and their different actions and outcomes. Finally, founded on the previous assumptions, we will try to sort out the opportunities of the situation and give also, if case is, some concrete solutions and strategies that might improve the present situation. References De Schutter, O. (2013). Droit à   l’alimentation : une question de qualità ©, non de quantità ©. [online] Opinion-internationale.com. Available at: http://www.opinion-internationale.com/2013/11/28/droit-a-lalimentation-une-question-de-qualite-non-de-quantite_20844.html [Accessed 2 Dec. 2014]. Arsenault, C. (2015). Global dependence on food imports leaves countries vulnerable. [online] Reuters. Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/13/us-food-trade-idUSKBN0M92CG20150313 [Accessed 1 May 2015]. ODriscoll, P. (2014). World Hunger Notes Trade and Transnational Corporations: the Solution to World Hunger or a Major Part of the Problem? Peter ODriscoll. [online] Worldhunger.org. Available at: http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/05/global/odriscoll.htm [Accessed 1 May 2015]. Stiglitz, J. and Charlton, A. (2006). Aid for Trade. 1st ed. Commonwealth Secretariat. FAO, (2015). The State of Food Insecurity in the World. 1st ed. FAO. Shah, A. (2015). Foreign Aid for Development Assistance — Global Issues. [online] Globalissues.org. Available at: http://www.globalissues.org/article/35/foreign-aid-development-assistance [Accessed 1 May 2015]. Kumar, R. and Nair, S. (2009). INDIA: STRATEGIES AT THE DOHA DEVELOPMENT AGENDA- JULY AND BEYOND. Geneva, p.4. lOMC, (2013). OMC | Nouvelles 2013 Jours 3, 4 et 5: Un â€Å"Paquet de Bali† voit le jour à   l’issue de consultations-marathon. [online] Wto.org. Available at: https://www.wto.org/french/news_f/news13_f/mc9sum_07dec13_f.htm [Accessed 4 Mar. 2015]. Cho, S. (2006). The WTO Doha Round Negotiation: Suspended Indefinitely | ASIL. [online] Asil.org. Available at: http://www.asil.org/insights/volume/10/issue/22/wto-doha-round-negotiation-suspended-indefinitely [Accessed 2 Mar. 2015]. FAO, (2009). FAO Nouvelles: 2050: 2,3 millliards de bouches de plus à   nourrir. [online] Fao.org. Available at: http://www.fao.org/news/story/fr/item/35656/icode/ [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015].

Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Essay -- Health Medicine Medical Essays

Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Abstract Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy(OPCA), is characterized by neuronal degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, the inferior olive, and the pons. The symptoms associated with it are primarily cerebellar ataxia with disturbances in equilibrium and gait. However, broader symptomology is usually seen with OPCA. Current research is focusing on three primary systems thought to be responsible for the etiology of OPCA. They are excitatory amino acid disturbances, oligodendroglial microtubular tangles, and phospholipid metabolism disorders. The only treatment for OPCA is therapy focusing on improving the dysphagia associated with the disorder. Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy (OPCA) is a disease characterized primarily by the degeneration of neurons in the cerebellar cortex, pons, and inferior olive. It is a genetic disease, being either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive in nature. This disorder, which usually occurs in the middle years of life, presents symptoms of cerebellar ataxia, equilibrium disturbance, nystagmus, dysphasia, dysarthria, and possibly intellectual deficits. According to Merritt, the pathology of OPCA includes loss of Purkinje cells, reduction of the number of neurons in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum, degeneration of the folia and white matter of the cerebellum, atrophy of the inferior olives and of the olivo-cerebellar connections, and atrophy of the pontine nuclei, arcuate nuclei, and brachium pontis (15). In addition to this, degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, corticospinal tracts, and frontal and temporal lobes has been reported (15). Biopsies on living OPCA patients have suggested that there are n... ...cerebellar atrophy. Annals of Neurology, 26:362-367, 1989. 12. Kish, S., Robitaille, Y., El-Awar, M. et. al. Brain amino acid reductions in one family with chromosome 6p-linked dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Annals of Neurology, 30:780-784, 1991. 13.Landis, D., Rosenburg, R., Landis, S. et. al. Olivopontocerebellar degeneration. Archives of Neurology, 31:295--307, 1974. 14. Makowiec, R., Albin, R., Cha, J-H. et. al. Two types of quisqualate receptors are decreased in human olivopontocerebellar atrophy cerebellar cortex. Brain Research, 523:309-312, 1990. 15. Merritt, Houston. A Textbook of Neurology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. 1967 16. Nakazato, Y., Yamazaki, H., Hirato, J. et. al. Oligodendroglial microtubular tangles in olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 49:521-530, 1990. Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Essay -- Health Medicine Medical Essays Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Abstract Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy(OPCA), is characterized by neuronal degeneration of the cerebellar cortex, the inferior olive, and the pons. The symptoms associated with it are primarily cerebellar ataxia with disturbances in equilibrium and gait. However, broader symptomology is usually seen with OPCA. Current research is focusing on three primary systems thought to be responsible for the etiology of OPCA. They are excitatory amino acid disturbances, oligodendroglial microtubular tangles, and phospholipid metabolism disorders. The only treatment for OPCA is therapy focusing on improving the dysphagia associated with the disorder. Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy (OPCA) is a disease characterized primarily by the degeneration of neurons in the cerebellar cortex, pons, and inferior olive. It is a genetic disease, being either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive in nature. This disorder, which usually occurs in the middle years of life, presents symptoms of cerebellar ataxia, equilibrium disturbance, nystagmus, dysphasia, dysarthria, and possibly intellectual deficits. According to Merritt, the pathology of OPCA includes loss of Purkinje cells, reduction of the number of neurons in the molecular and granular layers of the cerebellum, degeneration of the folia and white matter of the cerebellum, atrophy of the inferior olives and of the olivo-cerebellar connections, and atrophy of the pontine nuclei, arcuate nuclei, and brachium pontis (15). In addition to this, degeneration of the spinocerebellar tracts, corticospinal tracts, and frontal and temporal lobes has been reported (15). Biopsies on living OPCA patients have suggested that there are n... ...cerebellar atrophy. Annals of Neurology, 26:362-367, 1989. 12. Kish, S., Robitaille, Y., El-Awar, M. et. al. Brain amino acid reductions in one family with chromosome 6p-linked dominantly inherited olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Annals of Neurology, 30:780-784, 1991. 13.Landis, D., Rosenburg, R., Landis, S. et. al. Olivopontocerebellar degeneration. Archives of Neurology, 31:295--307, 1974. 14. Makowiec, R., Albin, R., Cha, J-H. et. al. Two types of quisqualate receptors are decreased in human olivopontocerebellar atrophy cerebellar cortex. Brain Research, 523:309-312, 1990. 15. Merritt, Houston. A Textbook of Neurology. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia. 1967 16. Nakazato, Y., Yamazaki, H., Hirato, J. et. al. Oligodendroglial microtubular tangles in olivopontocerebellar atrophy. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 49:521-530, 1990.

How Can Basketball Affect the Growth of a Child? Essay

Basketball: my dreams, my life, my passion. Of course I had interest in several other sports (baseball and soccer being the two larger ones), but none held my interest the way basketball did. Even when I was just a young boy, the game of basketball fascinated me and, ultimately, captured my heart. Growing up, I didn’t understand how much the game could have affected my life. Now, I want to coach to share my knowledge and love of basketball to positively affect other people’s lives. One might ask what does basketball actually do that could or would change someone’s life? Well, for starters, the game forces you to exercise. In order to play basketball, you’re going to have to actually get up off the couch! But, in reality, the physical improvement is just an added bonus. The real value is in what you LEARN! One learns how to work with other people as a unit in order to accomplish a common goal: to win. That is, in itself, the definition of teamwork. Being able to communicate with other people is a necessity in the world. It’s how you make friendships, how you get things accomplished, and how to get people to understand what you’re talking about. Without good communication skills (something that you can learn with basketball), it becomes very difficult to be successful. Alas, the list truly is endless to what basketball can teach (the value of hard work, communication, and teamwork just to name a few of such perks), and I want to be the one to teach it. Having a grand passion for the game myself, I strongly believe that I will be able to change at least one child’s life. And if I could get at least one child to learn these things, I know that it would have been worth it.

Colonialism and Darkness Essay

Colonialism and Darkness Essay Colonialism and Darkness Essay CONRAD Heart of Darkness; KIPLING Beyond the Pale (Plain Tales from the Hills) Writing in the latter part of the nineteenth century, Heart of Darkness and Beyond the Pale (Plain Tales from the Hills) were published in Blackwood’s Magazine for an implicitly colonial and masculine readership.1 Both writers draw upon autobiographical experience, with Conrad employing his 1889 experience as a sailor in the Belgian Congo, and Kipling his six year childhood and adult return to British India. The two writers demonstrate distinct philosophies and styles, and the extent to which this is manifest shall be the centre of this essay’s debate. While RASKIN contends a fundamental dissimilarity between the two2, contemporary critics such as SYMONS frequently reviewed the writers together, famously Captain Courageous and Nigger of the Narcissus.3 This essay examines the two works within three frames of reference: a) the purpose of the work; b) narrative technique; and c) imagery and symbolism. It will demonstrate that Conrad and Kipling promote fundamentally distinct views towards the Scramble for Africa- the Pole criticises the colonial project itself, while the British Imperialist criticises its implementation. Nonetheless, upon close examination the writers cannot be labelled as wholly dissimilar to the extent argued by RASKIN, as both warn against the integration of White Man into the Native community and question the authenticity of fiction itself. While Heart of Darkness refers prima facie to the impenetrable jungle at the heart of the ‘dark continent’4, it alludes also to the darkest side of human nature, seen in the brutal colonists and ivory traders. YALE SCHOLARSHIP proposes it matters little whether the novella is ‘set in Africa, Chipping Ongar or Baden Baden’.5 The fact that Africa and Congo are never named, instead referred to as ‘some ghastly nowhere’, supports the notion of the novella’s transferability, and Conrad himself remarked, ‘people read me [not for subject matter], but the effect my work produces’.6 ATTELL disagrees. To strip the novella of all its context demonstrates great ignorance.7 Heart of Darkness at its core offers a scathing critique of the ‘horrors’ of nineteenth century colonialism (examined further below), and Conrad’s sailor experiences in the Colonies suggest the subject choice quite deliberate. The balanced and convincing view is that the novella is both philosophical and historical, whereby the problems of colonial domination are used to expose deeper philosophical implications. Similarly, the title Beyond the Pale purports a deeper meaning and refers to the uncivilised Irish population of the fourteenth century, who lay beyond the boundaries of English control in Greater Dublin, ‘The Pale’. Kipling hereby grounds the story upon critical undertones of colonialism and notions of separatism between the Colonist and Native. Beyond the Pale distinguishes itself from Heart of Darkness as it is a moral fable in nature rather than mere philosophical exploration. The opening two paragraphs warn to observe correct behavioural codes, whereby ‘White go to White and Black to Black’. However, this moral message of separatism is riddled with ambivalence, arguably stemming from Kipling’s deep-rooted affinity with India, having lived there as a child until the age of six.8 The division between the White and Native is qualified by the Hindu proverb, which acknowledges the potency of love, and the delivery of the crucial moral punishment seems hesitant, with Trejago receiving a cautiously described ‘slight stiffness’. Thus, Beyond the Pale and Heart of Darkness are distinct in their philosophical aims, but not to the extent critics presume. In Heart of Darkness, the narrative frame imbues the novella with a universal, parable-like quality. Pervasive in medieval tale-telling of CHAUCER and BOCCACCIO, Conrad transforms the technique to enable the narrators to be distant observers of events. The

JAMES JOYCE Essays - Mythology, Prophecy, James Joyce, Free Essays

JAMES JOYCE Essays - Mythology, Prophecy, James Joyce, Free Essays JAMES JOYCE Now, as never before, his strange name seemed to him a prophecy. So timeless seemed the grey warm air, so fluid and impersonal his own mood, that all ages were as one to him. [...] Now, at the name of the fabulous artificer, he seemed to hear the noise of dim waves and to see a winged form flying above the waves and slowly climbing the air. What did it mean? Was it a quaint device opening a page of some medieval book of prophecies and symbols, a hawklike man flying sunward above the sea, a prophecy of the end he had been born to serve and had been following through the mists of childhood and boyhood, a symbol of the artist forging anew in his workshop out of the sluggish matter of the earth a new soaring impalpable imperishable being? (A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 192) His soul had arisen from the grave of boyhood, spurning her graveclothes. Yes! Yes! Yes! He would create proudly out of the freedom and power of his soul, as the great artificer whose name he bore, a living thing, new and soaring and beautiful, impalpable, imperishable. (A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 193) Some of its original readers, Virginia Woolf or T.S. Eliot, hailed Joyce's work as "the most important expression which the present age has found."[1] Others, like Bennett or Aldington, were repelled by it, seeing it as "a tremendous libel on humanity."[2] Yet, no matter if they praised it for being able "to come closer to life"[3] or loathed it for being "indecent, obscene, scatological and licentious"[4], all agreed that Joyce's work was remarkable, technically successful, an astonishing literary phenomenon. Of the English modernist novelists' works, Joyce's most strikingly asserts itself as art, the art of fiction - art as a form of knowledge, art as autonomous, art as a form of expression enjoying the advantage of a medium of its own. Of all the English modernists' works, Joyce's is the indubitable evidence that if there is any difference at all between realism and modernism in literary terms, it does not reside so much in the sense realism and modernism make of the real, but in the new status assigned to literature. Thus Joyce's work may be seen as an unparalleled artistic answer to the essential modernist questions relating to the essence of the literary act. What is the proper stuff of fiction? "The proper stuff of fiction" does not exist; everything is a proper stuff of fiction, every feeling, every thought; every quality of the brain and spirit is drawn upon; no perception comes amiss. And if we can imagine the art of fiction come alive and standing in our midst, she would undoubtedly bid us break her and bully her, as well as honour her, for so her youth is renewed and her sovereignty assured."[5] How is the material that life provides to be made into art? "Any method is right, every method is right, that expresses what we wish to express, if we are writers; that brings us closer to the novelist's intention, if we are readers."[6] What Joyce demonstrates through his work is that, if fiction is to be raised to the status of art, this can be done only through focus on the potentialities of what gives the art of fiction its specificity in relation to the other arts, that is language and technique. This does not mean that Joyce's narrative strategy necessarily, and exclusively, implies the adoption of completely new techniques, that is techniques that had not been also used by his predecessors. Joyce's originality, much of the difficulty presupposed by the reading of his texts being caused by it, resides in the variety and the combination of techniques. For Joyce, each method is seen as a pathway to knowledge. The more variations on a method he could imagine, the deeper the meaning that began to surface. The less expected the combination of methods, the richer the aspects of reality that were likely to be revealed. By this strategy, Joyce did in no way attempt to destroy the illusion of reality or to discard as useless the methods employed to create this illusion. He rather tried to "heighten our awareness of the techniques he so skilfully deploys by raising questions about our strategies of interpretation."[7] Understanding Joyce always means more than just reading his novels for the

International services marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International services marketing - Essay Example Marketing services is different from marketing goods. As opposed to good, services are produced and consumed at the same time. This is because services have different characteristics from those associated with goods. Such characteristics include intangibility, inseparability, variability, and their lack of perishability. Therefore, the services are measured in terms of quality. Another difference between goods and services is the inseparability of services. This is because the services production cannot be alienated from the consumption process (Ahmadzadeh, et al., 2012). Services also tend to vary in aspects such as quality. These characteristics make marketing of services different from that of products. Therefore, success in marketing of services depends on relationship building. Service-based business rely on building trust, deliverability, the wants and needs, and the ability to convince customers that you are capable of driveling a service in time. However, marketing products i s different and mainly depends on factors such as price of the product and the quality of the product (Rao 2011). The marketing and trading of services across nations has been growing rapidly over the recent past. Export of services plays a critical role in trade balance, expansion of employment opportunities, and enhancing economic growth. However, the service economy is affected by factors such as export service capacity, limitation of resources required in service delivery. Such resource may include the human as well as financial capacity. Other factors affecting the service economy include behavioral and operative barriers. Moreover, language barrier affects intercultural service delivery due to poor interpretation of information (Fisk 1999). Export of services raises several issues. These issues include the privacy of the service consumers, the national security of the countries to which the services

Analysis of Strategic Factors for Microsoft Corporation Research Paper

Analysis of Strategic Factors for Microsoft Corporation - Research Paper Example Political/legal forces: Microsoft Corporation runs the risk that its business may be affected by changes in the political landscape of the U.K. However, the political climate of the UK is quite business friendly and this is really not a problem. Moreover, new legislation on tax may come into force. This may have a direct impact on Microsoft Corporation. Value added tax recently witnessed a decline. This is good news for Microsoft Corporation as it means that more customers can now shop for Software given that they will be paying less tax on consumption. Moreover, there has been a renewed increase in environmental protection. This may lead to new environmental legislation that may have a direct or indirect material adverse impact on the operations of Microsoft Corporation. Economic Forces: The main economic forces that may affect Microsoft Corporation include fluctuations in interest rates, which has been the case in the UK recently. Interest rates have fallen significantly recently inducing consumers to spend more. Higher inflation means that the cost of inputs will be rising. Exchange rate fluctuations indicate that cash flows denominated in foreign currency are unstable. Prices of inputs sourced from abroad will be unstable as well. The Great British Pound has depreciated significantly against major currencies such as the euro and the dollar. On the one hand, this is good news for Microsoft Corporation given that tourists from abroad can spend more on Software in the UK. On the contrary, it is bad news to Microsoft Corporation in that the prices of foreign inputs in terms of Great British Pounds will be higher. Fluctuations in GDP have an impact on consumer spending. Increasing GDP indicates that consumers can spend more while decreasing GDP indicat es that aggregate demand will drop which will reduce consumption of Software. The global recession has also affected a number of industries and Microsoft Corporation may have witnessed a decline in the demand for its products as well as a decline in funding for its projects.